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    TroubleshootingIntermediate

    HSTS - HTTP Strict Transport Security

    Learn how HSTS forces HTTPS connections. Understand preload lists and common HSTS configuration pitfalls.

    Interactive Demo
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    HSTS Explainer

    What is HSTS?

    HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a security header that tells browsers to always use HTTPS for your domain. Once enabled, browsers will never attempt an HTTP connection - eliminating the vulnerable redirect that attackers can exploit.

    Browser tries
    HTTP
    Server says
    "Use HTTPS!"
    Browser caches
    HSTS policy
    Future visits
    HTTPS only

    The SSL Stripping Problem

    Without HSTS, there's a dangerous moment when you first visit a site:

    You typeexample.com
    HTTP request sent!
    Server redirects to HTTPS

    That initial HTTP request can be intercepted on public WiFi! An attacker can serve a fake HTTP version of the site and steal your credentials. This is called an SSL stripping attack.

    How HSTS Fixes This

    No HTTP attempts

    Browser converts http:// to https:// internally

    Cached protection

    Policy remembered for months/years

    Subdomain protection

    Optional includeSubDomains directive

    Preload list

    Hardcoded in browsers for zero first-visit risk